Battle of Britain Album #1: Royal Air Force

New Zealander Alan Deere (sixth from left) pictured with Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding and other Royal Air Force (RAF) Battle of Britain fighter pilots outside the Air Ministry in London, 14 September 1942. The photograph was taken to commemorate the second anniversary of RAF Fighter Command’s most successful day of the campaign. Left to right: Sqn Ldr AC Bartley (British); Wg Cdr DFB Sheen (Australian); Wg Cdr IR Gleed (British); Wg Cdr M Aitken (British); Wg Cdr AG Malan (South African); Sqn Ldr AC Deere (New Zealander); Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding; Flt Off EC Henderson (in front, to Dowding's left); Flt Lt RH Hilary (British); Wg Cdr JA Kent (Canadian); Wg Cdr CBF Kingcome (British); Sqn Ldr DH Watkins (British); and WO RH Gretton (British).

 
Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding, Commander in Chief of Royal Air Force Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain. Imperial War Museum photo D 1417.

 
10 Group Commander, Sir Quintin Brand, 1941.

 
11 Group Commander, Keith Park. Imperial War Museum photo CM 3513.

 
12 Group Commander, Trafford Leigh-Mallory. Imperial War Museum photo CH 11943.

 
13 Group Commander, Richard Saul. RAF photo.

 
John Mansbridge's portrait, Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park, 1940. Keith Rodney Park was a decorated First World War fighter pilot who carved out a prestigious career in the Royal Air Force (RAF). In 1940 he played a pivotal role in the defense of London and south-east England during the Battle of Britain.

 
Eric Henri Kennington's portrait of Pilot Officer M J Herrick, DFC, 1941. Michael James Herrick was one of five brothers to serve during the Second World War (three of whom died flying in the RAF). He flew with distinction during the Battle of Britain and in the Pacific before being killed on air operations over Denmark.

 
This portrait depicts Squadron Leader George Lovell Denholm, nicknamed ‘Uncle’, who flew Spitfires during the Battle of Britain. He led No. 603 Squadron which had been redeployed from its base in Edinburgh to RAF Hornchurch in August 1940 to take part in operations over southern England. Despite being shot down twice, Denholm returned to the skies and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) for his service. His citation in the London Gazette on 22 October 1940 reads: “Since the commencement of hostilities, Squadron Leader Denholm has led his squadron, flight or section in innumerable operational patrols against the enemy. His magnificent leadership has contributed largely to the success of the squadron, which has destroyed fifty-four enemy aircraft in about six weeks; four of these aircraft were destroyed by Squadron Leader Denholm himself.” Denholm is shown wearing a leather flying jacket and red and white striped cravat. His jacket falls open to reveal his newly-acquired DFC ribbon bar above his left breast pocket. Artist Thomas Cantrell Dugdale was born in Blackburn, Lancashire and studied in Manchester, London and Paris. During the Second World War, he served as a platoon leader for the Home Guard in Suffolk and was commissioned by the War Artists Advisory Committee to produce portraits of notable servicemen and women. Imperial War Museum photo Art.IWM ART LD 783.

 
Flying Officer R.G.A. Barclay DFC. Barclay was educated at Cambridge University, where he was a member of the University Air Squadron. He was granted a commission into the RAF Volunteer Reserve in 1939. Barclay served in the Battle of Britain in 1940. Artist: Eric Henri Kennington, 1940. This officer has shown admirable coolness and courage in combat against the enemy. His keenness and determination have enabled him to destroy a number of their aircraft. Flying Officer Barclay was educated at Cambridge University where he was a member of the University Air Squadron. He was granted a commission in the RAF Volunteer Reserve in 1939. Imperial War Museum photo Art.IWM ART LD 853.

 
A common sound at fighter airfields in England in 1940 was the ringing of the ‘scramble’ bell. This was rung when incoming Luftwaffe (German Air Force) raids were identified by ground-based radar stations. The pilots then ran to their aircraft and got airborne as quickly as possible to attack the approaching fighters and bombers.

 
Original wartime caption: His Majesty congratulates Flying Office D.S.G. Honor, upon whom was conferred the D.F.C. Imperial War Museum photo CH 1952.

 
 
RAF fighter pilots cheer King George VI at an awards ceremony at Hornchurch, Essex, 27 June 1940. Left to right: Flying Officer J L Allen; Flight Lieutenant R R Stanford Tuck; Flight Lieutenant A C Deere; Flight Lieutenant A G 'Sailor' Malan; Squadron Leader J A Leathart. Imperial War Museum photo CH 432.


 
Flight Lieutenant Eric Nicolson VC photographed in hospital where he was recuperating from wounds sustained in the action in which he won his medal, 1940. Imperial War Museum photo CH 1700.

 
Flight Lieutenant James Brindley Nicolson VC playing a 'Jew's harp' while recovering in hospital, 1940. Imperial War Museum photo CH 1695.

 
Flight Lieutenant James Brindley Nicolson VC playing a 'Jew's harp' while recovering in hospital, 1940. Imperial War Museum photo CHH 1699.

 
Flight Lieutenant James Brindley Nicolson VC playing a 'Jew's harp' while recovering in hospital, 1940. Imperial War Museum photo CH 1696.

 
Flight Lieutenant James Brindley Nicolson VC playing a 'Jew's harp' while recovering in hospital, 1940. Imperial War Museum photo CH 1697.

 
Journalists inspect a belt of .303in ammunition at North Weald, May 1940. Imperial War Museum photo CH 163.

 
A fire fighting unit ready for action at Duxford, September/October 1940. One airman is wearing an asbestos suit for rescue work. Imperial War Museum photo CH 1471.

 


Answering for Atrocities

Answering for Atrocities 

In the post–World War II Pacific, the U.S. Navy used rigorous legal standards to see justice served in the wake of Japanese war crimes.
 

By Michael Eastman
 

February 2026 Naval History 

Conservationists Working to Recover WWII Torpedo Plane from Pacific Sea Floor

Conservationists Working to Recover WWII Torpedo Plane from Pacific Sea Floor

The U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command and the Air and Sea Heritage Foundation are working to recover Bureau Number 1515, a Douglas TBD-1 Devastator submerged off Jaluit Atoll in the Marshall Islands, the conservation organizations announced Friday. The TBD-1 Devastator was the Navy’s first carrier-based all-metal plane with a singular pair of foldable wings for carrier stowage. The aircraft, which was the most modern at the time, played a critical role during the opening months of the Pacific campaign, including the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway. 

Beyond the Gold Stars: Giving a Voice to the Fallen

Beyond the Gold Stars: Giving a Voice to the Fallen 

In the quiet plaza of the National World War II Memorial, 4,048 stars shimmer on a wall. Each star represents about 100 American lives lost. For the 421,000 Americans who never came home, a Gold Star in a window was often the only story their community knew. Today, a passionate group of volunteers is on a mission to change that. They believe that no hero should be a statistic – and they need our help.  

THE SHIPS OF TORA! TORA! TORA!

THE SHIPS OF TORA! TORA! TORA!

The ship models used in the movie were very large, some 30 feet long or more, and were highly accurate. And the Arizona was a full-scale replica so that live actors could be filmed on the "ship".

The models were sold at auction after the movie was completed and some sold for as little as 10% of their cost to make the model. 

A contact of mine purchased two of these models and sent me photos of them. One was an American tugboat and the other was a Japanese destroyer, which barely fit in his swimming pool. Unfortunately, I have lost the photos - that happens when you move three times!

In 1984 I was with an aunt and her grandkids at an amusement park in upstate New York  (the park no longer exists). At one point it started to pour so we ducked inside one of their exhibit buildings. Inside there were two halls and we walked down one of them which was lined with old automobiles. As I turned to go into the other side, I stopped short. I was literally shocked to see several of the model ships from the movie.  One of them was an aircraft carrier, possibly the Akagi, with the various Japanese aircraft on the flight deck. The Akagi model was about 30 feet long (!). I am 6'4' tall and I could barely see the top of the flight deck the model was so huge. 

Sadly, I didn't have a camera that day and I never got a chance to go back. 

And check out this Blog post on the making of the movie:

TORA, TORA, TORA: Oscar winning expertise recreates day of infamy at Pearl Harbour 

February 1945: The Battle of Manila

February 1945: The Battle of Manila 

by Jenny Ashcraft

Beginning on February 3, 1945, U.S. forces fighting alongside Filipino troops began a month-long battle to reclaim the city of Manila from the Japanese. The battle was the scene of intense urban fighting and resulted in the deaths of more than 100,000 civilians. The city of Manila was destroyed, along with cultural treasures like the centuries-old Intramuros, an ancient walled portion of the city, which was flattened. ...  


[This is an article on Fold3.]