World War 2 In Review

Danish Coast Defense Ship Niels Juel

Niels Juel coastal defense ship. Photo taken before she was scuttled off Holbaek in August 1943.

In the period between the two world wars, the Danish navy (as well as the rest of the Danish military forces) had low priority for the politicians, especially between 1929 and 1942 under Thorvald Stauning. During the first year of the German occupation (1940–1945), the navy assisted the occupying German forces with minesweeping, because of the political demand of keeping the infrastructure (ferry-lines) up and running. The tensions between the German soldiers and the Danish armed forces rose slowly and, on 29 August 1943, they managed to scuttle 32 of its larger ships, while Germany succeeded in seizing 14 of the larger and 50 of the smaller vessels. This was due to a secret order, given directly to the captains by word of mouth by commander of the navy, Vice Admiral A. H. Vedel "to try to flee to the nearest neutral or Nazi-opposed port. If that was not possible, the ship should be scuttled at as deep a location as possible". The Germans later succeeded in raising and refitting 15 of the sunken ships. A number of vessels had been ordered to attempt to escape to Swedish waters, and 13 succeeded. The fleet flagship, Niels Juel, attempted to break out in the Battle of Isefjord but the crew was forced to beach and partly scuttle her. The score for the larger vessels was therefore: 32 vessels were sunk, 2 were in Greenland, 4 reached Sweden, 14 were captured by the Germans. As for the smaller vessels: 9 "patruljekuttere" reached Sweden, 50 others were captured by the Germans. By the autumn of 1944, these ships officially formed a Danish naval flotilla in exile. In September 1943, A. H. Vedel was fired by order of the prime minister Vilhelm Buhl because of his hostile actions towards the Germans.

Danish Navy ships carry the prefix KDM (Kongelige Danske Marine) in Danish, but this is translated to HDMS (Her/His Danish Majesty's Ship) in English.

HDMS Niels Juel was a coastal defense ship of the Royal Danish Navy from 1923 to 1943. She was scuttled by her crew after Luftwaffe attack during the German invasion of Denmark in 1943 and later refloated as the Nordland.

Originally Niels Juel was intended to be an upgraded version of HDMS Peder Skram, a pre-World War I Herluf Trolle-class coastal defense ship. After initially being laid down in 1914 at the Danish Royal Naval Dock Yard, Copenhagen, construction was halted as the original armament orders from the German manufacturer Krupp were delayed by World War I. After changing the armament to Bofors-built guns HDMS Niels Juel was launched on 3 July 1918. After sea trials in early 1923 she was commissioned to the Royal Danish Navy on 23 May and subsequently went on tour, visiting the Faeroe Islands, Bergen, Leith and Gothenburg and South America. She was adopted as the flagship and went on royal tours in June 1926 (Faeroe Islands) and 1930 (Faeroe Islands and Iceland).

Following increasing Danish resistance to German rule and the institution of martial law on 28 August 1943, the German army moved to seize the Danish fleet in Copenhagen harbor, an action codenamed Operation Safari. Anticipating this move, Danish officers managed to scuttle the majority of the Danish fleet to prevent capture. Niels Juel which had spent the summer on exercise in Isefjorden, attempted to break free to Swedish waters, during which she was engaged by the Germans at sea and by air. Having been seriously damaged by aerial bombardment, including five wounded crew members (one of whom died later), the captain, Commander Westermann realized there was little hope of reaching neutral waters and beached the ship near Nykøbing Sjælland. The crew then tried to scuttle the ship. Initial attempts to blow up the ship failed, but the crew successfully flooded the parts of the ship including the magazine, as well as systematically destroying the equipment before evacuation and surrender.

In 1944, the ship was salvaged, renamed Nordland and used by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine as a training ship. On 3 May 1945, she was sunk during allied air raids in the Eckernførde inlet. The wreck was later salvaged and on 19 March 1952 was sold for scrap.

Name: HDMS Niels Juel

Namesake: Niels Juel

Builder: Orlogsværftet, Copenhagen

Laid down: 1914

Launched: 3 July 1918

Commissioned: 23 May 1923

Decommissioned: 30 August 1953

Fate: Sold for scrap 1952

Type: Coastal defense ship

Displacement: 3,400 tons

Length: 89.95 m (295 ft 1 in)

Beam: 16.3 m (53 ft 6 in)

Draught: 5.2 m (17 ft 1 in)

Propulsion: 5,500 hp (4,100 kW)

Speed: 16 kn (30 km/h)

Complement: 329

Armament:

10 x 150 mm (5.9 in) guns

4 x 57 mm (2.2 in) anti-aircraft guns

2 x 450 mm (18 in) torpedo tubes

Danish coastal defense ship Niels Juel, launched 1918, serving 1923-1943. Photographed in 1939 (with effects of 1935-36 refit).

The attack on Niels Juel, 29 August 1943.

The coast defense ship Niels Juel leaving harbor.

Pre-war picture of the gun crew at the Niels Juel's 15cm guns, wearing gas masks.

Niels Juel, 1937.

The coast defense ship Niels Juel on firing exercise.

The coast defense ship Niels Juel.

The Danish Flotilla moored in Holmen after returning from Sweden in May 1945.

HDMS Havkatten returns moored in Copenhagen in May 1945 after being in exile in Sweden since 29 August 1943.

American Destroyer USS Hugh W. Hadley (DD-774)

Hugh W. Hadley (DD-774) after completion in the outer harbor of San Pedro, California, on 11 December 1944. The ship is painted in camouflage Measure 32 Design 25D. Note the Consolidated PBY Catalina in the background.

USS Hugh W. Hadley (DD-774) was an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer which served in the United States Navy during World War II. It is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Hugh William Hadley, who lost his life during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.

Hugh W. Hadley (DD-774) was launched by Bethlehem Steel Shipbuilding Co., San Pedro, California, 16 July 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Hadley, widow of the namesake; and commissioned on 25 November 1944, with Commander L. C. Chamberlin in command.

After intensive shakedown training off the coast of California, Hugh W. Hadley sailed 21 February 1945 in company with HMS Ranee for Pearl Harbor. The ships arrived 27 February, but Hugh W. Hadley was soon underway again, sailing 8 days later for Ulithi and the great Okinawa invasion. The ship departed in company with a large group of LST's and their escorts 25 March bound for the Japanese island stronghold, and arrived off the Okinawa group 31 March. As the night approach was made, Hugh W. Hadley led a group of LST's toward the beach, shooting down an attacking Japanese plane en route. The destroyer escorted her charges safely to the beach, watched them unload their troops and equipment the morning of 1 April, and then took up antisubmarine patrol station outside the transport area. As the bitter fighting ashore continued, Hugh W. Hadley helped protect against submarines and aircraft as the Japanese made a final effort to stop the invasion. The ship remained on patrol until 4 April, when she sailed with a group of transports to Saipan, arriving 14 April.

Hugh W. Hadley was soon on her way back to Okinawa, however, and arrived from Saipan 27 April to resume her outer patrol. For the next few days the destroyer fought off numerous air raids, picked up a downed fighter pilot, and carried out antisubmarine patrol. She went alongside destroyer USS Brown (DD-546) 1 May for transfer of communication equipment, and then took up additional duties as a fighter direction ship for the Combat Air Patrols, so vital to the invasion's air cover.

As radar picket ships were scarce, Hugh W. Hadley was assigned this duty on the afternoon of 10 May. Joining destroyer Evans (DD-552) and four smaller craft, she took station 15 west of Okinawa and early the next morning began vectoring aircraft to meet the oncoming Japanese. For nearly 2 hours the morning of 11 May, Hugh W. Hadley and Evans came under severe attack, as the Japanese mounted their sixth attack against American forces at Okinawa. Both ships maneuvered at high speed, downing many suicide planes and directing air attacks on formations of Japanese. The attackers numbered some 150 planes. After Evans took several serious hits and went dead in the water about 0900, Hugh W. Hadley fought on alone. At 0920, she was attacked by 10 planes simultaneously, from both ahead and astern. The ship destroyed all 10, but not without damage to herself. One bomb hit aft, a Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka hit, and two kamikaze crashes were inflicted on the ship as her gunners ran low on ammunition. Finally, as the attack ended, all but 50 of the crew were ordered over the side in life rafts, the remaining men fighting fires and working to control the damage. Though her engineering spaces were flooded and she was badly holed, Hugh W. Hadley was kept afloat by the determination and skill of her damage control parties and eventually arrived at Ie Shima. The attack took the lives of 30 crew members.

During this remarkable battle. Hugh W. Hadley had succeeded in downing some 23 enemy aircraft and aided in splashing countless others. After temporary repairs, the ship was taken to Kerama Retto 14 May, where men from repair ship Zaniah worked on her battered hull. Hugh W. Hadley subsequently was taken to Buckner Bay, Okinawa, in a floating drydock towed by Avoyel (ATF-150), 15 July 1945, and after 20 days there began the long voyage under tow of the U.S. Navy tug ATA 199 (still in service on the Great Lakes as the M/T Undaunted) to the United States. After encountering heavy weather during the passage the ship arrived at Hunter's Point, Calif., via Pearl Harbor, 26 September 1945. Decommissioned 15 December 1945, she was sold 2 September 1947 to Walter W. Johnson Co., San Francisco, and scrapped.

In addition to one battle star for her World War II Service, Hugh W. Hadley received the Presidential Unit Citation (U.S.) for her performance in the action off Okinawa 11 May 1945. Also several crew men received fame for their actions during the war.

Namesake: Hugh William Hadley

Builder: Bethlehem Steel, San Pedro

Laid down: 6 February 1944

Launched: 16 July 1944

Commissioned: 25 November 1944

Decommissioned: 15 December 1945

Struck: 8 January 1946

Fate: sold 2 September 1947 scrapped

Class and type: Allen M. Sumner class destroyer

Displacement: 2,200 tons

Length: 376 ft 6 in (114.8 m)

Beam: 40 ft (12.2 m)

Draft: 15 ft 8 in (4.8 m)

Propulsion: 60,000 shp (45 MW);; 2 propellers

Speed: 34 knots (63 km/h)

Range: 6500 nmi. (12,000 km) @ 15 kt

Complement: 336

Armament:

6 × 5 in./38 guns (12 cm)

12 × 40mm AA guns

11 × 20mm AA guns

10 × 21 in. torpedo tubes

6 × depth charge projectors

2 × depth charge tracks

Hugh William Hadley was born 17 February 1901 at Moro, Oregon, and was appointed to the Naval Academy in 1918. Commissioned Ensign 29 May 1922, he served on board many ships, including Pennsylvania and S-27, and various shore stations in the prewar years. After serving as Executive Officer of Roper 1936-1939 and on board Maryland 1941-1942, he was appointed Commander and assigned to command Transport Division 12 in the Pacific. Hadley's attack transports made nightly runs into Guadalcanal to support American troops there, and while on board Little 5 September 1942 Hadley was surprised by three Japanese destroyers off Lunga Point. His outgunned ship fought valiantly, but was sunk along with attack transport Gregory. Commander Hadley was killed in the action and was posthumously awarded the Silver Star for his outstanding performance in the bitter Solomons campaign.

Undated, location unknown. The ship is painted in camouflage Measure 32, Design 25d.

Christening the Hadley is Marian Hadley, widow of Hugh W. Hadley.

The Christening ceremony 16 July 1944 at San Pedro with Mrs. Marion E. Hadley breaking the champagne on the bow.

The Hadley on the ways during the launching, 16 July 1944, at San Pedro.

First time in the water, 16 July 1944, at San Pedro.

By invitation only, unless a crew member, for them it was mandatory.

The commissioning ceremony, 25 November 1944, at San Pedro.

Another view of the commissioning ceremony, 25 November 1944, at San Pedro.

USS Hugh W. Hadley commissioning, 25 November 1944, a dress blue affair.

L. C. Chamberlain, Captain (Commanding Officer), Sponsor Marian Hadley, and unknown Commodore, probably the Base Commander.

December 1944, location unknown.

This February 1945 photograph of the Sumner-class destroyer USS Hadley shows the destroyer three months before its fateful rendezvous with swarms of Japanese Kamikaze aircraft off Okinawa. The destroyer’s combat career comprised less than two years of service.

San Diego, California, area 23 December 1944 to 20 February 1945 period.

Mount 44 firing practice, underway. HMS Ramee (D-03) on horizon.

Twin 40mm (not of Hadley) but representative of the two twin mounts on DD-774. Just after the flying bridge abreast of the mast.

Mark 37 Main Battery Gun Director.

Highline transfer of a sailor from one of the LSTs in the convoy (there were nine LSTs plus an unknown number of escorts) to the Hadley.

Highline transfer of LCDR Dwight William Rife, Senior Battalion Medical Officer from one of the LSTs in the convoy to the Hadley.

USS Hadley bomb and suicide plane damage, 11 May 1945.

Radar Picket Station 15 off Okinawa on 11 May 1945. "Starboard side pumping was futile. Bomb exploded beneath the ship humping the keel about 54 inches with many holes, breaking both shafts, driving one back into the rudder." Report of LTJG Douglas G. Aitkin.

Looking aft at portside: nothing is left of the quad 40MM except the geared base ring. The mount crew was KIA. From the LTJG Douglas G. Aitken collection.